{"id":2748,"date":"2026-01-13T12:15:38","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T12:15:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?p=2748"},"modified":"2026-03-23T16:11:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T16:11:58","slug":"when-refuge-becomes-a-matter-of-faith-is-indias-taliban-diplomacy-a-mirror-of-hindutva-politics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?p=2748","title":{"rendered":"When Refuge Becomes a Matter of Faith: Is India\u2019s Taliban Diplomacy a Mirror of Hindutva Politics?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2748\" class=\"elementor elementor-2748\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e80296a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e80296a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-209b1b\" data-id=\"209b1b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf16444 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cf16444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">When Refuge Becomes a Matter of Faith: Is India\u2019s Taliban Diplomacy a Mirror of Hindutva Politics?<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e712b59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e712b59\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-621b9945\" data-id=\"621b9945\" 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e-con\" data-id=\"73feac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d6c5a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"1d6c5a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5666a67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5666a67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Summary<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-770b167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"770b167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span data-path-to-node=\"1,2\"><span class=\"citation-19\">This article argues that India&#8217;s diplomatic engagement with the Taliban regarding minority protection exposes a deep contradiction when contrasted with its domestic treatment of Muslims, particularly under the CAA and NRC frameworks<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"1,4\">. <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"1,6\"><span class=\"citation-18\">It critiques how the Indian state institutionalizes religious exclusion by offering fast-track citizenship to non-Muslims while subjecting Muslim citizens and refugees, such as the Rohingya, to legal precarity and statelessness<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"1,8\">. <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"1,10\"><span class=\"citation-17\">The author contends that these policies represent a shift from constitutional secularism toward a &#8220;Hindutva project&#8221; that redefines the nation through majoritarian exclusion<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"1,12\">. <\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"1,14\"><span class=\"citation-16\">Ultimately, the piece asserts that India is using diplomatic &#8220;theatre&#8221; to legitimize a domestic agenda where rights are filtered through faith rather than justice<\/span><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"1,16\">.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #aa8664; font-family: 'Nanum Gothic Coding', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: white;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u24d8 This summary is generated by Ai\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79ca75c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"79ca75c9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43557d5a\" data-id=\"43557d5a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0d32b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d0d32b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"arr--story-page-card-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"arr--element-container story-element-card-m_element-container__1ZeJL story-element-card-m_dark__1AX15\">\n<div class=\"arrow-component arr--text-element text-m_textElement__e3QEt text-m_dark__1TC18\" data-test-id=\"text\">\n\nWhen the Taliban\u2019s foreign minister arrived in New Delhi this October, promising to protect Hindu and Sikh shrines, the gesture produced more confusion than clarity. Some watched with surprise, others with cautious relief. Afghanistan\u2019s Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi\u2019s visit, part of the Taliban\u2019s wider regional outreach- was widely reported in both Indian and international media.\n\nAll it brings out is the image of a regime known for religious absolutism, briefly casting itself as a guardian of minorities. The relationship it is attempting to build with India leaves us with a stream of questions, especially when India\u2019s own treatment of its minorities paints a very different picture. A country once celebrated as a secular democracy now appears to shrink from the constitutional foundations that shaped its earlier refugee morality. The hypocrisy lies at the centre, where we rarely pause to question how the world\u2019s largest democracy tightens its citizenship rules, institutionalizes exclusion, and deliberately leaves Muslim refugees outside the circle of compassion.\n\nThe relations don\u2019t appear as a reciprocity of commitments toward protection when the onus of responsibility remains in limbo. Instead, they produce discomfort, rooted in the widening gap between India\u2019s diplomatic expectations abroad and its moral obligations at home. India readily embraces symbolic assurances of minority protection from a regime like the Taliban, while refusing to extend similar assurances to its own Muslim citizens and Muslim refugees.\n\nTheir stance does not invite a comparison; rather, it forces us to confront the ambiguity of political correctness and the failed promises within India\u2019s own borders.\n\nReligion, rather than persecution, is increasingly becoming the filter through which refuge is imagined. The Taliban\u2019s outreach to Hindus and Sikhs, and India\u2019s selective use of the CAA and NRC, operate in entirely different contexts with different motivations, yet both mobilize religious identity as a narrative tool.\n\n<strong>Faith as a Filter of Refuge<\/strong>\n\nThe Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> offers fast-track citizenship to Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan, but pointedly excludes Muslims<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. Framed as a humanitarian gesture, the law transforms persecution into a religious test and normalizes the cycles of discrimination.\n\nWhen paired with the National Register of Citizens (NRC), which demands proof of ancestry, the CAA produces a layered system of belonging. Those left out of the NRC may seek rescue under the CAA\u2014but only if they belong to one of the six approved religions<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. Muslims have no such safety net, leaving them exposed to the threat of statelessness.\n\nRights groups such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> have repeatedly warned that India\u2019s CAA-NRC framework risks rendering millions stateless<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>, particularly Muslims<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.\n\n<strong>Diplomacy as Legitimising Theatre<\/strong>\n\nIndia\u2019s engagement with the Taliban is often described as geopolitical pragmatism \u2014 a practical response to regional realities rather than political alignment<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. As New Delhi strengthens its ties with the Taliban, domestic actions against Muslims grow harsher and more systematic. In Assam, entire villages of Bengali-speaking Muslims have faced eviction drives<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> condemned as discriminatory. In Uttar Pradesh, houses of Muslims were bulldozed<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup> under the pretext of maintaining law and order. In Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh, hijab bans<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>, mosque surveillances<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>, and crackdowns on Muslim organisations were justified under the rhetoric of national security<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-12\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. Across states, many Muslims continue to be struck off voter lists or labelled \u201cforeigners<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-13\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.\u201d particularly in border regions.\n\nWhen India engages diplomatically with the Taliban while simultaneously promoting a citizenship architecture that privileges certain religious groups through the CAA, it constructs a hierarchy of deservingness\u2014where some communities appear worthy of refuge and recognition, while Muslims, whether citizens, migrants, or refugees, remain structurally unprotected. This contradiction is the central discomfort because India seeks assurances of protection abroad that it is unwilling to extend within its own borders.\n\nIn this sense, diplomacy becomes a stage performance \u2014 a moral theatre that helps legitimise a larger project of exclusion.\n\nWhen the Taliban declares that it will protect Hindu and Sikh temples, the statement cannot be read as an expression of pluralism. It is better understood as a calculated geopolitical stance, shaped by the need for regional and international legitimacy. India\u2019s engagement with religious protection, however, presents a different picture\u2014one that is more consequential precisely because India is a constitutional democracy. Here, protection does not remain at the level of diplomatic speech; it is written into law. The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, formally distinguishes between religious communities, offering recognition to selected minorities while leaving Muslim minorities outside its protective frame. What emerges is not a contradiction of intent, but a structurally designed pattern of exclusion, implemented without adequate regard for democratic principles.\n\nIndia endorses the language of minority protection in its diplomatic engagements while simultaneously constructing a domestic legal framework that institutionalizes religious exclusion. Belonging, in this context, is not symbolically negotiated but legally arranged, producing graded access to citizenship and refuge.\n\nThis shows religious identity increasingly mobilised as a political resource\u2014deployed to assert legitimacy, manage perception, and consolidate majoritarian narratives, not only within national borders but across the region as a whole.\n\n<strong>The Rohingya and the Jurisprudence of Exclusion<\/strong>\n\nThe Rohingya crisis and their statelessness expose how these selective frameworks function in practice. Fleeing genocide in Myanmar, many sought safety in India, yet the government treated deportation as a matter of policy rather than a human rights concern.\n\nIn <em>Mohammad Salimullah v. Union of India<\/em> (2021)<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-14\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>, the Supreme Court refused to stop Rohingya deportations, calling it a matter of state policy, not an enforceable right. This effectively treated the principle of non-refoulement\u2014the rule forbidding the return of refugees to danger\u2014as optional<sup><a id=\"post-2748-endnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-2748-endnote-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>.\n\nWhile the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) is framed as a humanitarian law for persecuted minorities, its compassion stops at the Rohingya. Their exclusion exposes a framework where suffering is filtered through faith. The Rohingya, meanwhile, are criminalized as security threats and rendered legally invisible\u2014a population displaced twice: first from their homeland, and then from the promise of refuge.\n\n<strong>Hindutva as the Organizing Project<\/strong>\n\nTaken together, the CAA, NRC, the exclusion of the Rohingya, eviction drives, and expulsions of Muslims to Bangladesh reveal a coherent political vision. It is the Hindutva project, which seeks to redefine citizenship not as a constitutional guarantee but as an expression of civilizational belonging\u2014a civilization that defies wholeness.\n\nThe promise of refuge to selected persecuted minorities becomes a moral fa\u00e7ade, a gesture of compassion offered with one hand while the other redraws the demographic boundaries of the republic. Muslim citizens learn to live in the shadow of paperwork, surveillance, and suspicion. Belonging is no longer a right, but a performance of ideological compliance.\n\nThis atmosphere of conditional belonging expands in the digital realm. Technologies of identification biometric systems, digital IDs, and documentation regimes are presented as neutral governance tools. In reality, their impact varies sharply. For some, they offer proof of belonging and access to citizenship. For Muslims, these often become tools of scrutiny and control. Transparency becomes another layer of surveillance\u2014another checkpoint in an already narrowing citizenship.\n\nIn the CAA\u2013NRC context, digitized tracking and verification ensure that exclusion is not merely ideological but technologically reproduced. The CAA is not an administrative oversight; it is a deliberate ideological project that reimagines India as a civilizational home for selected communities while pushing others\u2014especially Muslims\u2014into legal, social, and political precarity.\n\n<strong>Narratives of Protection and the Politics They Enable<\/strong>\n\nIndia\u2019s selective refugee and citizenship policies, particularly under the CAA, operate within a unique political and institutional context. Yet both India and the Taliban rely, in distinct and unrelated ways, on the language of religious protection.\n\nUnderstanding this distinction matters. The Taliban\u2019s rhetoric is a geopolitical strategy; India\u2019s policy choices reshape the legal structure of citizenship. Their convergence occurs only at the level of discourse, where both invoke religious identity to claim moral ground.\n\nRecognizing this prevents analytical conflation while allowing a clearer focus on how India\u2019s policies recast the boundaries of legal refuge. The overlap risks normalizing the CAA\u2019s religious test by situating it within a wider regional language of \u201cprotection,\u201d even though the motivations and consequences differ profoundly.\n\n<strong>Constitutional and Moral Reckoning<\/strong>\n\nIndia\u2019s Constitution promises equality, secularism, and dignity to all. When political decisions begin to narrow inclusion along ideological and religious lines, the distance between constitutional commitments and identity-driven policies widens visibly. Refuge cannot be determined by faith, and citizenship cannot become an instrument of ideology. A democracy\u2019s measure lies not in whom it shelters because of religion, but in whom it protects despite it.\n\nThe central question, then, is not whether India should engage the Taliban or offer support to persecuted minorities. The question is whether faith will be allowed to override justice as the organizing principle of the state.\n\nActs of selective compassion under the CAA, eviction drives labelled as \u201canti-infiltrator measures,\u201d and the persistent silence on the Rohingya crisis collectively erode the republic\u2019s secular foundations. What is being engineered is not mere governance; it is an ideological remaking of the nation. It is the slow conversion of a constitutional democracy into a majoritarian Hindu state, where discrimination is framed as order, and exclusion is dressed as patriotism.\n\n<hr \/>\n\n<span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span>\n<ol class=\"fixing-overflow\">\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-1\">The Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019, Act No 47 of 2019, Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 1, No 201, 12 December 2019 https:\/\/indiancitizenshiponline.nic.in\/Documents\/UserGuide\/E-gazette_2019_20122019.pdf <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-2\">A Jaldi, \u2018India\u2019s Citizenship Amendment Act: A Critical Appraisal\u2019 (Policy Center for the New South, Policy Brief PB-20\/23, January 2021) https:\/\/www.policycenter.ma\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-01\/PB%20-%2020-23%20%28A%20Jaldi%29.pdf &amp; Human Rights Watch, \u2018India: Citizenship Bill Discriminates Against Muslims\u2019 (11 December 2019) https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/12\/11\/india-citizenship-bill-discriminates-against-muslims <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-3\">BBC News, \u2018India Citizenship: What Is the Citizenship Amendment Bill?\u2019 (11 December 2019) https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-india-50670393 <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-4\">Amnesty International, \u2018India: Citizenship Amendment Act Is a Blow to Indian Constitutional Values and International Standards\u2019 (13 March 2024) https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2024\/03\/india-citizenship-amendment-act-is-a-blow-to-indian-constitutional-values-and-international-standards\/ <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-5\">Centre for Statelessness, University of Melbourne, \u2018Statelessness in India: Briefing Note\u2019 (2020) https:\/\/law.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0014\/3441200\/Statelessness-in-India-Briefing-Note-2.pdf <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-6\">Amnesty International, \u2018India: Citizenship Amendment Act Is a Blow to Indian Constitutional Values and International Standards\u2019 (13 March 2024) https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2024\/03\/india-citizenship-amendment-act-is-a-blow-to-indian-constitutional-values-and-international-standards\/ <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-7\">Observer Research Foundation, \u2018India Warily Welcomes the Taliban\u2019 https:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/research\/india-warily-welcomes-the-taliban <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-8\">Amnesty International, \u2018If You Speak Up, Your House Will Be Demolished\u2019: Bulldozer Injustice in India (Feb 2024) https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/ASA2076132024ENGLISH.pdf <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-9\">\u2018Bulldozer Justice: Immediate Punishment or Curtailment of Human Rights\u2019 (SabrangIndia, 27 July 2022) https:\/\/sabrangindia.in\/bulldozer-justice-immediate-punishment-or-curtailment-human-rights\/ <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-10\">\u2018Karnataka Extends Hijab Ban To Minority Institutions, Muslim Women Forced To Remove Hijabs In Public\u2019 (IAMC, 17 February 2022) https:\/\/iamc.com\/karnataka-extends-hijab-ban-to-minority-institutions-muslim-women-forced-to-remove-hijabs-in-public\/ <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-11\">\u2018MP minister backs step to install CCTV cameras in mosques\u2019 (The Times of India, 14 April 2022) https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/mp-minister-backs-step-to-install-cctv-cameras-in-mosques\/articleshow\/90833308.cms <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-12\">\u2018Ban on Islamic Organization Draws Mixed Reactions in India\u2019 (VOA News, 30 September 2022) https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/ban-on-islamic-organization-draws-mixed-reactions-in-india\/6771344.html <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-13\">R. Zaman, \u2018After violent eviction, Assam residents now stare at deletion of names from voter list\u2019 Scroll.in (2 Dec 2024) https:\/\/scroll.in\/article\/1076273\/after-violent-eviction-assam-residents-now-stare-at-deletion-of-names-from-voter-list <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-14\">Supreme Court Observer, \u2018<em>Mohammad Salimullah v Union of India<\/em>: Rohingya Deportation Case \u2014 Background\u2019 https:\/\/www.scobserver.in\/cases\/mohammad-salimullah-v-union-of-india-rohingya-deportation-case-background <a href=\"#post-2748-endnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li id=\"post-2748-endnote-15\">Mohd Ayan and Nabil Iqbal, \u2018India\u2019s Problematic Stance on Non-Refoulement: The Deportation of Rohingyas\u2019 (Refugee Law Initiative Blog, 7 June 2021) https:\/\/rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk\/2021\/06\/07\/indias-problematic-stance-on-non-refoulement-the-deportation-of-rohingyas\/ <a 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rel=\"tag\">Refugee Rights<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=social-justice\" rel=\"tag\">Social Justice<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=statecraft-vs-faith\" rel=\"tag\">Statecraft vs Faith<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2382b2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2382b2a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de704ea\" data-id=\"de704ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3f3f49 heading-with-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3f3f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Explore more articles<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary This article argues that India&#8217;s diplomatic engagement with the Taliban regarding minority protection exposes a deep contradiction when contrasted with its domestic treatment of Muslims, particularly under the CAA and NRC frameworks. It critiques how the Indian state institutionalizes religious exclusion by offering fast-track citizenship to non-Muslims while subjecting Muslim citizens and refugees, such [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[104,106,108,105,109,56,103,107,61,110],"class_list":["post-2748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-citizenship-crisis","tag-constitutional-values","tag-geopolitics","tag-hindutva-ideology","tag-indian-muslims","tag-minority-rights","tag-political-ethics","tag-refugee-rights","tag-social-justice","tag-statecraft-vs-faith"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2748"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2869,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2748\/revisions\/2869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}