{"id":1581,"date":"2025-06-01T17:58:08","date_gmt":"2025-06-01T17:58:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?p=1581"},"modified":"2025-11-27T17:27:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T17:27:35","slug":"the-ephemeral-line-between-faith-and-politics-waqf-and-muslim-identity-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?p=1581","title":{"rendered":"Bulldozer Justice and the Erasure of Muslim Identity: Case Commentary"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1581\" class=\"elementor elementor-1581\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e80296a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e80296a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-209b1b\" data-id=\"209b1b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf16444 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cf16444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bulldozer Justice and the Erasure of Muslim Identity: Case Commentary<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e712b59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e712b59\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-621b9945\" data-id=\"621b9945\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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id=\"Layer_1-2\" data-name=\"Layer 1\"><path d=\"M0,30.15c0-6.34,5.14-11.49,11.49-11.49s11.49,5.14,11.49,11.49h-2.87c0-4.76-3.86-8.61-8.61-8.61S2.87,25.39,2.87,30.15H0Zm11.49-12.92c-4.76,0-8.61-3.86-8.61-8.61S6.73,0,11.49,0s8.61,3.86,8.61,8.61-3.86,8.61-8.61,8.61Zm0-2.87c3.17,0,5.74-2.57,5.74-5.74s-2.57-5.74-5.74-5.74-5.74,2.57-5.74,5.74,2.57,5.74,5.74,5.74Z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGrasim Yusuf Soni\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73feac8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con\" data-id=\"73feac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d6c5a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"1d6c5a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5666a67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5666a67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Summary<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-770b167 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"770b167\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The Supreme Court of India&#8217;s judgment condemning &#8220;bulldozer justice&#8221; is criticized as a hollow victory. While the ruling establishes procedural safeguards, it fails to address the core issue of the systematic targeting of Muslims through punitive demolitions. The article argues that the court&#8217;s &#8220;judicial minimalism&#8221; and focus on administrative procedure allows it to evade a much-needed reckoning with structural inequalities. As a result, the judgment is seen as an inadequate response to a serious issue of human rights and justice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<span style=\"background-color: #aa8664; font-family: 'Nanum Gothic Coding', sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: white;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u24d8 This summary is generated by Ai\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79ca75c9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"79ca75c9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43557d5a\" data-id=\"43557d5a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d0d32b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d0d32b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On November 13, 2024, the Supreme Court of India in <em>In Re: Directions in the matter of demolition of structures<\/em><sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> passed a significant judgment condemning the practice of punitive demolitions often referred to as \u201cbulldozer justice\u201d.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> The court emphasized that demolishing homes based solely on the fact of an individual\u2019s criminality is unconstitutional and arbitrary. The judgment while condemning the punitive demolitions also goes a step ahead and establishes procedural safeguards requiring authorities to issue notices and provide affected individuals with an opportunity to challenge demolition orders. The judgment is a much-welcome intervention in the legal landscape of this country and should be celebrated as a victory for the rule of law.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> While this decision ostensibly reinforces legal protections, it ultimately lacks substantive force. It&#8217;s a veneer of judicial intervention which fails to address the core issue \u201cthe identity of those victims\u201d. The Apex court whether by design or oversight has depoliticized the matter at hand and reduced it to a mere question of urban governance. With this the court effectively abdicated its responsibility to confront and undo systematic targeting of minorities. In doing so, the court has robbed us from what could&#8217;ve been a monumental moment of judicial reckoning. A judgment which could have questioned and dismantled this humongous infrastructure of discrimination.<\/p><p><strong>Background <\/strong><\/p><p>In recent years, India has witnessed an alarming rise in the use of demolitions as a tool of retribution, a trend which is often termed as \u201cBulldozer Justice.\u201d This phenomenon involves state demolishing homes and businesses of people accused of crimes. Though justified as urban planning or encroachment removal, These demolitions routinely bypass due process and judicial oversight. A study of these demolitions reveals a more sinister reality: the systematic targeting of Muslims in the aftermath of protests, riots, or other expressions of dissent. The origins of Bulldozer Justice can be traced back to political developments in Uttar Pradesh<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>, where bulldozers became symbolic of swift and decisive state action under the pretext of law and order. Since then, similar patterns have emerged in other states such as Madhya Pradesh<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>, Delhi<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> and Gujarat. The case before the Supreme Court\u2014<em>In Re: Directions in the matter of demolition of structures<\/em> emerged from this context.<\/p><p><strong>Critique of the Judgment<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Systemic Targeting and Legal Erasure<\/em><strong><br \/><\/strong><br \/>Amnesty International in its report titled \u201cBulldozer Injustice in India and JCB\u2019s Role and Responsibility,\u201d 2023 documented 128 punitive demolitions across five Indian states (Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi) between April and June 2022<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. In Amnesty\u2019s report one can see a clear consistent pattern of discrimination employed by the state machinery against the minorities. These demolitions disproportionately targeted Muslim communities, often following protests or episodes of communal violence, displacing over 617 individuals, many rendered homeless overnight without compensation. Muslim-owned homes and shops were demolished while adjacent Hindu-owned structures were left intact. Complementing these findings, The UN Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues, Fernand de Varennes, in 46 communications between 2020 and 2023, highlighted concerns over the systemic nature of such actions, citing violations of minority rights and multiple international human rights obligations in India<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Despite the detailed nature of the judgment, the Hon\u2019ble Supreme court makes no reference to these statistics. The Court approaches the issue as a case of administrative overreach. largely detached from its socio-political context. This is evident from the way the affected individuals are framed primarily as property owners, with little to no acknowledgment of their broader social identities or the contexts in which the demolitions occurred. Take the examples of the case of 2023 Haryana riots<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> where over 1,200 homes and shops<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> were razed in Muslim-majority areas following clashes during a VHP-organised pilgrimage. Such instances underscores the need for judicial scrutiny of situations where executive action may disproportionately affect specific social groups.<\/p><p><em>Judicial Minimalism as a Cloak for Structural Evasion <\/em><\/p><p>In the present case, the Hon\u2019ble Supreme Court\u2019s stance hauntingly aligns with the judicial philosophy as outlined by Cass R. Sunstein in <em>\u201cBeyond Judicial Minimalism\u201d<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. <\/em>The judgment can be characterized by narrow rulings, shallow reasoning, and a calculated refusal to engage with deeper normative questions. By carefully avoiding any mention of religious identity and structural bias, the court provides us with a textbook example of what Mr. Sunstein would describe as the \u201cVirtues\u201d of minimalism, deciding just this case without venturing into vast theoretical terrain<\/p><p>However, minimalism can become counterproductive when it evades systemic issues that require a more substantive constitutional engagement. As Sunstein warns, \u201cMinimalism might be easiest in the short run, but in the long run, it can be extremely destructive. Sometimes shallowness is a bad idea; sometimes it is best to rethink foundational issues\u201d.<\/p><p>The restrained reasoning employed by the apex court sits uneasily with the commitment of the Indian constitutional framework towards \u201csubstantive equality\u201d, particularly under Article 14, as affirmed in Nitisha vs Union of India<sup><sup><a id=\"post-1584-endnote-ref-12\" href=\"#post-1584-endnote-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. Substantive equality requires the court to look beyond formal neutrality and assess the impact of law and policy on marginalized groups. Against this constitutional backdrop, the court\u2019s unwillingness to interrogate the disproportionate impact of mass demolitions on specific communities reflects a missed opportunity to uphold the very principles it has championed in prior cases.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusion <\/strong><\/p><p>The Supreme Court\u2019s judgment against punitive demolitions is a step in the right direction, but it is woefully inadequate to heal the systemic rot beneath. By reducing the victim to faceless property owners, the judgment tries to perpetuate that identity exists in a vacuum, which is far from the truth. Religious identity, in specific, is not incidental to oppression but rather a constituent of it. When bulldozers raze through Muslims\u2019 homes, an Individual&#8217;s right to exist as an equal citizen is under attack. The court\u2019s procedural safeguards, while necessary, offer only a limited remedy. They do not fully engage with the broader concern that structural inequalities continue to shape how different communities experience their rights and status within society.<\/p><hr \/><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ol class=\"fixing-overflow\"><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-1\">2024 INSC 866 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-2\">Handley E, \u201cWhat Is \u2018Bulldozer Justice\u2019? Why Indian Authorities Are Demolishing Homes\u201d <em>ABC News<\/em> (June 15, 2022) &lt;https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2022-06-16\/india-bulldozer-politics-justice-muslim-protesters-bjp\/101147882&gt; accessed April 1, 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-3\">Palshikar S, \u2018SC Verdict Is Welcome &#8211; but the Ideological, Political Bulldozer Remains\u2019 (<em>The Indian Express<\/em>, 18 November 2024) &lt;https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/sc-verdict-is-welcome-but-the-ideological-political-bulldozer-remains-9674927\/&gt; accessed 1 April 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-4\">Pandey BG, \u201cHow Bulldozers Became a Vehicle of Injustice in India\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em> (June 19, 2022) &lt;https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-india-61837134&gt; accessed April 1, 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-5\">\u201c\u2018Nobody Is above Law\u2019: Madhya Pradesh CM Mohan Yadav Defends \u2018Bulldozer Justice\u2019\u201d <em>Hindustan Times<\/em> (August 25, 2024) &lt;https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/cities\/bhopal-news\/nobody-is-above-law-madhya-pradesh-cm-mohan-yadav-defends-bulldozer-justice-101724527041050.html&gt; accessed April 1, 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-6\">Srivastava BN, \u201cJahangirpuri: How Religious Violence Razed Homes and Dreams\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em> (April 21, 2022) &lt;https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-india-61172227&gt; accessed April 1, 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-7\">\u201cStop Bulldozer Injustice against Muslims in India\u201d (<em>Amnesty International<\/em>, February 7, 2024) &lt;https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2024\/02\/india-authorities-must-immediately-stop-unjust-targeted-demolition-of-muslim-properties\/&gt; accessed April 1, 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-8\">\u201cTestimony to the US Commission on International Religious Freedom\u201d (<em>Human Rights Watch<\/em>, September 27, 2023) &lt;https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2023\/09\/27\/testimony-us-commission-international-religious-freedom&gt; accessed April 1, 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-9\">The Hindu, \u201cMaking a Riot: The Hindu Editorial on the Communal Clashes in Haryana\u201d <em>The Hindu<\/em> (August 4, 2023) &lt;https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/editorial\/making-a-riot-the-hindu-editorial-on-the-communal-clashes-in-haryana\/article67154320.ece&gt; accessed April 2, 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-10\">Vats S, \u201cAt Least 1,200 Structures Razed in 5-Day Nuh Demolition Drive Following Hindu-Muslim Riots\u201d <em>Land Conflict Watch<\/em> (May 19, 2024) &lt;https:\/\/www.landconflictwatch.org\/conflicts\/at-least-1-200-structures-razed-in-5-day-nuh-demolition-drive-following-hindu-muslim-riots#&gt; accessed April 1, 2025 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-11\">Cass R. Sunstein, &#8220;Beyond Judicial Minimalism,&#8221; 43 Tulsa Law Review 825 (2007). <em>Avl at: \u201c<\/em> https:\/\/chicagounbound.uchicago.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=12217&amp;context=journal_articles\u201d <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><li id=\"post-1584-endnote-12\">(2021) 15 SCC 125 <a href=\"#post-1584-endnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71a712d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71a712d9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a2579e5\" data-id=\"6a2579e5\" 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71693b9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-367e38d9\" data-id=\"367e38d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3f410b heading-with-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3f410b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related Tags<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86b8944 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86b8944\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c23289a\" data-id=\"c23289a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54572b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"54572b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"posts-tags\"><a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=bulldozer-justice\" rel=\"tag\">Bulldozer Justice<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=human-rights\" rel=\"tag\">Human Rights<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=india\" rel=\"tag\">India<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=indian-constitution\" rel=\"tag\">Indian Constitution<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=law-and-politics\" rel=\"tag\">Law and Politics<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=legal-commentary\" rel=\"tag\">Legal Commentary<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=minority-rights\" rel=\"tag\">Minority Rights<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=muslim-identity\" rel=\"tag\">Muslim Identity<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=social-justice\" rel=\"tag\">Social Justice<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/?tag=supreme-court-of-india\" rel=\"tag\">Supreme Court of India<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2382b2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2382b2a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de704ea\" data-id=\"de704ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3f3f49 heading-with-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3f3f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Explore more articles<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Summary The Supreme Court of India&#8217;s judgment condemning &#8220;bulldozer justice&#8221; is criticized as a hollow victory. While the ruling establishes procedural safeguards, it fails to address the core issue of the systematic targeting of Muslims through punitive demolitions. The article argues that the court&#8217;s &#8220;judicial minimalism&#8221; and focus on administrative procedure allows it to evade [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[57,60,47,55,62,63,56,59,61,58],"class_list":["post-1581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-bulldozer-justice","tag-human-rights","tag-india","tag-indian-constitution","tag-law-and-politics","tag-legal-commentary","tag-minority-rights","tag-muslim-identity","tag-social-justice","tag-supreme-court-of-india"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1581"}],"version-history":[{"count":85,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2741,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions\/2741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projectmishkat.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}